Our scientific publications
Evaluating the Electroencephalographic Signal Quality of an In-Ear Wearable Device - Sensors 2024
In this study, we conducted a detailed examination of the signal performance of an in-ear EEG device from NAOX Technologies. Our results demonstrate that the use of this in-ear EEG device is viable for monitoring brain activity.
This is particularly relevant in contexts where comfort and ease of use are essential, both for clinical applications and scientific research.
Signal quality evaluation of an in-ear EEG device in comparison to a conventional cap system -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2024
This study allowed us to compare the quality of a new in-ear EEG device with a traditional EEG in 30 healthy individuals, both during wakefulness and sleep. The results show that the in-ear device provides signals comparable to the gold standard EEG, despite some disruptions caused by movement. This confirms its potential for monitoring brain activity in everyday life.
Ear-EEG devices for the assessment of brain activity: a review -
IEEE Sensors Journal
In-ear centered electroencephalography (Ear-EEG) holds great potential for applying brain monitoring technologies in everyday life. By systematically reviewing 96 recent studies, we discovered the wide range of applications for this technology, from detecting physiological states (such as drowsiness, sleep, and epilepsy) to innovations in audiology and brain-computer interfaces.
THE SCIENCE BEHIND
Measuring different states
Detecting neurological disorders
Artifacts
"EEG provides a window into the brain's activity. Simply put, various brain states can be classified by specific rhythms with their unique frequency ranges. For example, EEG rhythms such as slow waves, theta, alpha, and spindle waves each correspond to specific frequency ranges and are associated with different brain states (e.g., sleep stages N1 to N3, relaxation, focus). In our studies, we confirmed that EEG rhythms recorded using the in-ear NAOX device were comparable to gold-standard EEG monitoring in several physiological conditions during wakefulness and sleep (Pazuelo et al., 2024; Moumane et al., 2024)."
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EEG is a powerful tool for identifying signal abnormalities associated with various brain pathologies. It is widely used for diagnosing epilepsy, the second most common chronic neurological disorder worldwide.
In this experiment, the NAOX Buds successfully detected a patient's epileptic seizure during a real-world scenario. The seizure is visible on the graph, standing out in contrast to the patient’s brain activity before and after the episode.
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EEG signals have a very low amplitude, making them susceptible to interference from sources such as electrical activity from the heart, as well as movements of the eyes, face, and body.
These interferences are known as artifacts. Artifacts can disrupt the recording of brain activity and may even obscure the signal of interest. Additionally, they can be mistaken for neurological abnormalities, complicating the use of EEG outside of clinical settings.
However, the final interpretation of the EEG signal is performed by expert physicians who can differentiate relevant signals from artifacts, thereby minimizing the risk of diagnostic errors.
The science behind
our technology
The Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the signal produced by our brain as it functions. This signal comes from our neural activity, which can be detected through EEG electrodes placed on the scalp. While today's technology allows us to measure the EEG, it is not yet possible to decipher the original message sent by the nerve cells.
The EEG could be compared to a microphone placed outside a football stadium. We can hear people cheering and know that a goal has been scored. However, we cannot tell which team scored, what the score is, or which player scored the goal.
This project marks a turning point in the history of EEG by providing concrete solutions for patients and new opportunities for studying brain activity.
Dr. Gilles Huberfeld
Neurologist
The groundbreaking innovation that people with epilepsy have been waiting for years, a clever concept with a promising future.
Clémentine Frémy
Patient